Mineral oil composition



United States Patent 3,192,165 MINERAL OIL COMPOSITION Joseph E. Fields and Edward H. Mottus, St. Louis, Mo., assignors to Monsanto Company, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Original application Dec. 30, 1960, Ser. No. 79,500. Divided and this application Dec. 31, 1962, Ser. No. 248,263

9 Claims. (Cl. 252-56) The invention relates to new polymeric materials especiallyuseful as dispersant additives and viscosity index improvers and some of which are also useful as pour point depressants. Particularly desirable are the methacrylatevinyloxyethanol polymers having relative syndiotacticity of at least 70, preferably at least 87. These highly synd-iotactic polymers of the invention are also described in copending application Serial No. 79,671, filed December 30, 1960. This invention also relates to functional fluids including mineral and synthetic lubricating oil, diesel oil, hydraulic oil, automatic transmission oil and furnace oil compositions and the like containing the polymeric additives of the invention. This application is a division of copending application Serial No. 79,500, filed December 30, 1960, now abandoned,

There are a limited number of known ashless dispersant additives useful in oils. A new type of dispersant has now been discovered which has excellent dispersant properties, is a good viscosity index improve-r and can be made to be a pour point depressant. Broadly the invention involves interpolymers of vinyloxyethanol with alkyl methacrylates, alkyl acrylates, fuma-rates, maleates, vinyl esters or long chain-olefins to form oil-soluble additives. These interpolymers should contain from about 2 to about 20 weight percent, preferably about 5 to about weight percent vinyloxyeth-anol.

It is an object of this invention to provide new polymers especially useful as dispersant additives.

It is another object of this invention to provide new polymers useful as viscosity index improver as well as dispersant additives.

It is another object of this invention to provide new polymers useful as d-ispersants, viscosity index improvers and pour point depress-ants.

It is another object of this invention to provide new and useful dispersant additives which have very good I hydrolysis stability.

' It is another object of this invention to provide new dispersant additives which have the desirable properties of providing increased specific viscosity characteristics in the presence of barium high temperature detergents.

It is another object of this invention to provide new and improved functional fluid compositions.

These and other objects of the invention will become apparent as the detailed description of the invention proceeds.

The preferred polymer additives of the invention are the vinyloxyethanol-alkyl methacrylate polymers containing a minor amount of vinyloxyeth-anol and a major amount of alkyl methacrylate. These polymers are especially desirable for their good hydrolysis stability as well as their high potency as dispersant additives. A

major amount means in excess of 50% by weight and a minor amount means less than 50% by weight, and obviously when two minor amounts are specified along with a major amount the two minor amounts must add up to less than 50% by weight.

The polymers of the invention having a relative syndictacticity of greater than are preferred because the greater the syndiota-cticity the greater the viscosity index improving efliciency of the polymers; more preferable are polymers having relative syndiotacticity in excess of 87. Relative syndiotacticity is described in detail especially with respect to FIGURE 3 of copending application Serial No. 79,671, filed December 30, 1960. Methacrylate-vinyloxyethanol polymers made under freeradical catalysis at temperatures of the order of about 70 C. to about 100 C. have relative syndiotacticity greater than about 70 and les than whereas, the same polymers made at temperatures of less than about 30 (3., preferably less than 10 C. have relative :syndiotacticity in excess of 87.

If the alcohol used to form the alkyl methacrylate monomers from methacrylic acid is a mixture of straightchain alcohols .such as the Lorol alcohols, then the polymers are also good pour point depressants. As dispersant additives these methacrylate-vinyloxyethanol polymers of the invention are useful as additives to oils such as automatic transmission oils, lubricating oils, diesel oils, furnace oils, hydraulic oils and the like. The oils can either be mineral or synthetic oils. Normally these polymers as dispersant additives will be incorporated in oil in amounts of from about 0.5 to about 15% based on the oil and polymer, preferably from about 1 to about 10%; except that if made up in concentrate form for blending back, they may be incorporated in amounts of about 15 to about 60%, preferably from about 20 to about 50%. These additives must be oil soluble preferably to the extent of at least about 1% in oil. The solubility will, of course, vary depending on the particular oil used. Oil solubility can be regulated to a certain extent by limiting the molecular weigh-t of the polymer, specific viscosity measurements being indicative of molecular weight. Specific viscosity, 1% in benzene at 25 0, should be between 0.4 and 7.0, preferably between 0.6 and 3.0. Solubility in oil can also be regulated by the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl groups of the metha-crylate-s which should be at least '6 carbon atoms, and preferably average at least 7.5 where the oil is a mineral lubricating oil. Single alkyl methacrylates can be used in making the polymers such as those having from about C to about C alkyl groups or mixtures of methacrylate monomers such as C -C plus C -C alkyl methacrylate. If a mixture of short and long chain alkyl methacryl-ate monomers are used with vinyloxyethanol to form polymers of the invention, the long chain alkyl methacrylate are preferably present in weight percent excess over the short chain alkyl methacrylate but in any event the amount of short chain alkyl methacrylate is restricted to insure oil solubility of the polymer. For the purposes of the invention oil-solubility is defined as the polymer being soluble at 25 C. to the extent of at least 1% in a petroleum base hydraulic fluid meeting Government specifications MIL-O-S 606.

'vinyl esters and a-olefins.

The following is a nond-lmiting and illustrative listing of alkyl methacrylate monomers from which can be chosen single monomers or combinations of monomers for use in making the polymers of the invention. Methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, n-amyl methacrylate, nhexyl methacrylate, n-heptyl methacrylate, noctyl methacrylate, isooctyl methacrylate, n-decyl methacrylate, n dodecyl methacrylate, t-dodecyl methacrylate, oxotridecyl methacrylate, Lorol mcthacrylate, tallow methacrylate, n-eicosyl methacrylate, etc. Tallow methacrylate is a mixture of about 33% by weight of C and 67% by weight of C straight-chain alkyl methylacrylates. Normally polymers of the invention of about 70 or higher relative syndiotacticity are preferred because of the higher viscosity index improving potency and also because they form smaller amounts of deposits in internal combustion engine use; however, the isotactic polymers are also useful. In forming the. isotactic polymers it is prefered to either block the hydroxy group of the vinyloxyethanol as by using an excess of catalysts or by esterifying this group prior to polymerization unless the catalysts used 'is not reactive With the hydroxyl group. After the polymer is formed the hydroxyl group can be regenerated by hydrolysis or other suit-able means. Normally Grignard catalysts such as. phenyl magnesium-bromide are used at about C. to form the isotactic polymers of the invention. Lithium alkyl catalysts can also be used to form the isotactic polymer. Block type polymers can also be desirable under some conditions. Methods of making isotactic and block polymers of methyl methacrylate, which methods are suitable for use in making the interpolymers of the present invention, are taught in the preprint of papers presented at the April 1959 Boston meeting of the American Chemical Society, Division of Paints, Plastics and Printing Ink Chemistry, pages 134-140, by W. E. Goode et al.

As has already been stated, good dispersant polymers can also be made by polymerizing vinyloxyethanol with other monomers such as acrylates, fumarates, maleates, Also mixtures of these other monomers and including methacrylates can be used, if desired. These other monomers should be chosen to provide an oil-soluble polymer. For example, a-olefins or mixtures thereof having an average of at least about 8 carbon atoms, preferably or higher should be used, with an upper limit of about being prefer-red. Thus bearing in mind the above limitations an olefin or combination of olefins can be picked from the following illustrative list: ethylene, propylene, isobutene, pentene-l,Z-methylbutenel,3-rnethylbutenel, hexenel, heptene-l, octene-l, decenc- 1, dodecene-l, tridecene-l, heptadecene-l, octaclecene-l, eicosene-l, etc. Obviously the short chain olefins must be used in mixture with long chain olefins to give oil-soluble polymers. In the case of the acrylates nothing would be accomplished by naming a large number ofthem since the alkyl acrylates corresponding to named alkyl methacrylates will be usable, and the same limitations apply as for the met-hacrylates. For the fumarates and maleates the average number of carbon atoms in the two alkyl groups must be sufficient to give oil-solubility, i.e., at least 6 and preferably 8 to about 20. Thus to meet these requirements single or mixtures of fumarates can be selected from the following illustrative list: dirnethyl fumarate, dimethyl maleate, diethyl fumarate, ethyl methyl fumarate, diisopropyl maleate, di-t-butyl fumarate, di-n-butyl furnarate, diisobutyl fumarate, ethyl n-butyl maleate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, di-n-decyl maleate, methyl lauryl fumarate, etc. In the case of the vinyl esters the oil solubility must, of course, be supplied by the acid radical portion of the molecule,.and this portion of the molecule should average at least 6 and preferably 8 to 20 carbon atoms per molecule. Thus vinyl esters or mixtures can be selected from the following illustrative list: vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl n-butyrate, vinyl isobutyrate, vinyl n-valerate, Vinyl 4 trimethylacetate, vinyl caproate, vinyl n-heptylate, vinyl caprylate, vinyl Z-ethyl hexoate, vinyl pelargonate, vinyl palmitate, vinyl stea-rate, etc.

epending on the particular use, it can be desirable for a functional fluid to have high viscosity index. An illustrative but non-limiting list of functional fluids which are improved in viscosity index and in dispersant characteristics by addition of polymers of the invention are the following: polyphenyls such as biphenyl, the terphenyls such as o-, mand p-terphenyl and the alkylated biphenyl and terphenyls such as the mono or dialkyl, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, 'n-butyl, isobutyl', t-butyl, etc; partial- 1y chlorinated biphenyls known in the trade as Aroclors which contain from about 40 to by weight of combined chlorine; poly(oxyphenylene) benzenes and particularly ethers of the formula wherein n is an integer from about 3 to about 8, R is an alkyl radical having below about 5 carbon atoms, i.e, methyl, ethyl, np:opyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tbutyl or mixtures thereof, and x is an integer from 0 to 4; diesters of dicarboxylic acids such as dioctyl sebacate and dioctyl adipate and esters such as pentaerythritol tetracaproate; phosphates such as trialkyl phosphates from tributyl to trilauryl such as tri(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, dialkyl monoaryl phosphates wherein the alkyl groups are C C and the aryl groups are phenyl or cresyl, particularly dibutyl phenyl phosphate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phenyl phosphate, the monoalkyl diaryl phosphates wherein the alkyl groups are (l -C and the, aryl groups are vphenyl and/ or crysyl, especially Z-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate and 6-methylheptyl diphenyl phosphate, the liquid triaryl phosphates, namely tricresyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate and phenyl dicresyl phosphate; liquid polymeric silicone-s which are well known in the art; etc.

the following detailed description of specific examples thereof.

EXAMPLE 1 This example describes the preparation of a Lorol methacrylate polymer for comparison with polymers of the invention. This run was carried out in an analogous manner to Example 2 below and is summarized in Table 1 below. Lorol methacrylate is a mixture of 3% C 61%C 23 %C l1%C and 2%C straight-chain alkyl methacrylates.

EXAMPLE 2 This example describes the preparation of a methacrylate-vinyloxyethanol polymer of the invention. A sample of 58 g. of Lorol methacrylate and 40 g. of benzene were weighed into a Coke bottle. The Lorol metha-crylate had been purified bydecolorization with charcoal, filtering to remove the charcoal and then passing through an alumina column. The benzene was thiophone free. Next 2 g. of vinyloxyethanol was added to the Coke bottle. The vinyloxyethanol was freshly distilled at 43 C. under water pump vacuum. Then 0.098 g. of azobisisobutyronitrile catalyst was added to the other ingredients. The bottle was flushed with nitrogen, eaped and placed in a rotating air oven at 70 C. for hours. At the end of the 90 hours 90 g. of Base Oil No. l was added to a tared flask. The characteristics of.

The invention will be more clearly understood from.

J Base Oil No. 1 are described after Table 1 below. The reaction mixture was then transferred to this tl ask, the Coke bottle was washed with benzene and the washings transferred to the flask. The flask was heated under Water pump vacuum to remove the benzene and heating was continued until the temperature of 150 C. was reached to distill out any unreacted monomer. The flask was then weighed to determine the amount of polyrner present and enough Base Oil No. 1 was added to bring the concentration of the polymer to 30% by weight.

EXAMPLES 3-7 These examples of making polymers of the invention were carried out in an analogous manner to that described for Example 2 above except as indicated in Table 1 below which, summarizes these runs.

EXAMPLE 8' This example describes the preparation of a Lor-ol methacrylate and methyl methacrylate copolymer for comparison with polymers of the invention. This experiment was carried out in an analogous manner to that described for Example 9 below and this example is summarized in Table 1 below.

EXAMPLE 9 The same polymerization procedure and conditions of polymerization were used in this example .as were used in Example 2 above. The methyl methacrylate comonomer was pipetted into each bottle and had been previously purified by percolation through alumina. The charges of reactants to the Coke bottle were as follows: 53.4 g. of Lorol methacrylate, 6.6 g. of methyl methacrylate, 2 g. of vinyloxyethanol, 0.118 g. of azobisisobutyronitrile catalyst and 41.3 g. of benzene. A 30% concentrate of the polymer in Base Oil No. 1 was made in the same manner as the 30% concentrate of Example 2.

EXAMPLES 1-01 2 These examples were carried out in an analogous manner to that described in Example 9 above and are surnrrnarized in Table 1 below.

8 EXAMPLE 13 This example describes the preparation of a Lorol inethacryla-te vinyloxyethanol polymer of the invention. The same procedure was used for preparing the polymer of this example as was used for preparing the polymer of Example 2. The materials charged to the Coke bottle were as follows: 54g. of Lorol methacrylate, 6 g. "of vinyloxyethanol, 0.111 g. of azobisisobutyronitrile and 40 g. of benzene. The treatment of the crude polymer, however, was different. At the end of the polymerization run, the reaction mixture was poured into met-hanol to precipitate the polymer. Then the polymer was dissolved in hot benzene and reprecipitated from methanol. The dissolving in benzene and precipitating from methanol was repeated twice more. The purified polymer was then dried at 40 C. in a vacuum oven overnight. Dry weight of the polymer was 51.6 g.

*EXAMPLE 14 This example was carried out in an analogous manner to Example 13 including the purification of the polymer. This example is summarized in Table 1 below. Yield of purified and dried polymer was 57.4 g.

EXAMPLE 15 This example describes the preparation of a polymer of the invention having incorporated therein a small amount of dibutyl fumarate. This example was carried out in a similar manner to Example 2 except that the polymerization time was 65 hours rather than hours. Reactants charged were as follows: 54 g.' of Lorol methacrylate, 6 g. of vinyloxyethanol, 1.2 g. of dibutyl furnarate, 0.11 g. of azobi'sis-obutyronitrile catalyst and 40 g. of benzene. At the end of the polymerization run, the reaction mixture was poured into methanol to precipitate the polymer. The polymer was then dissolved in benzene and reprecipitated from methanol for a series of three times for purification. The puritied polymer was dried in a vacuum oven at 50 C. to yield 52.5 g. purified product.

EXAMPLE 16 This example was carried out in an analogous manner to Example 15 and is summarized in Table 1 below. Dry purified polymer weighed 48. 6 g.

EXAMPLE 17 This example was also carried out in a manner analogous to Example 15. The catalyst, however, in this example was 0.191 g. of benzoyl peroxide rather than the azo catalyst of Example 15. This example is summarized in Table 1 below. Exactly the same amount of dibutyl fumarate was used in each of the Examples 1517. Dried purified polymer weighed 47.2 g.

EXAMPLE 18 This example describes the preparation of a polymer of the invention having a small amount of dibutyl fumarate therein and methyl methacrylate as a comonomer. The procedure followed in this example was the same as in Example 15. The charge of reactants was as follows. 53.4 g. of Lorol methacrylate, 6.6 g. of methyl methacrylate, 4 g. of vinyloxyethanol, 1.28 g. of dibutyl fumarate, 0.127 g. of azobisisobutylronitrile catalyst and 42.7 g. of benzene. Dried purified polymer weighed 58.3 g.

EXAMPLE 19 This example was carried out in a manner analogous to Example 18 and is summarized in Table 1 below. A slightly larger amount of dibutyl fumarate was used than in Example 18, namely 1.36 g. Dried purified polymer weighed 59.5 g.

EXAMPLE 20 This example was carried out in a manner analogous to Example 18 except that like Example 19 a slightly larger amount of dibutyl fumarate was used namely 1.36 g. and the catalyst in this example was .261 g. of benzoyl peroxide rather than the azo catalyst of Example 18. Dried purified polymer weighed 59.8 g.

EXAMPLE 21 This example describes the making of a polymer of the invention in the presence of a small amount of an amine. This example was carried out in a manner similar to Example 2 except that the polymerization time was 64 hours. The charge of reactants was as follows: 48 g. of Lorol methacrylate, 12 g. of vinyloxyethanol, 0.129 g. of azobisisobutyronitrile catalyst, 0.08 ml. of triethylamine and 40 g. of benzene. The crude polymer was precipitated from methanol, dissolved in hot benzene and again precipitated from methanol, and yet a second time dissolved in benzene and precipitated from methanol. The purified polymer sample was partially dried by heating on a steam bath, then dried on a vacuum oven at 58 C. overnight. Yield of purified dried polymer was 47.6 g.

EXAMPLE 22 This example describes an experiment carried out in a similar manner with similar reactants as in Example 21 except that 0.06 ml. of pyridine was used as the amine rather than triethylamine. This example is summarized in Table 1 below. Yield of purified dried polymer was 47.4 g.

EXAMPLE 23 This example was carried out in a manner similar to Example 21, except that a terpolymer was made wherein a minor amount of methyl methacrylate was incorporated. Yield of purified product was 58.7 g. This run is summarized in Table 1 below.

EXAMPLE 24 This example was similar to Example 23 except that the amine like Example 22 was pyridine rather than triethylamine. Yield of purified dried product was 58.5 g. This run is summarized in Table 1 below.

EXAMPLE 25 This example describes the preparation of a highly syndiotactic polymer of the invention. To a reaction flask was charged '19 g. of lauryl methacrylate and 2.2 g. of vinyloxyethanol. The reaction flask was then flushed with nitrogen and the monomers cooled under nitrogen to C. At this temperature 0.29 ml. of triethyl boron was added followed by the addition of 0.145 ml. of cumene hydroperoxide. The reaction mixture was stirred and allowed to react at 0 C. for 21 hours. At the end of the 21 hour polymerization period the reaction mixture was poured into methanol to precipitate. the polymer. The precipitated polymer was then dissolved in hot benzene and leprecipitated from methanol. This dissolving in hot benzene. and precipitating from methanol treatment was repeated two additional times. The purified polymer was then dried in a vacuum oven at 50 C. for 45 hours. The dry weight of the purified polymer was 8.0 g.

EXAMPLE 26 This example describes the preparation of another highly syndiotacti polymer of the invention. To the reaction vessel were added 38.1 g. of lauryl methacrylate, 5.0 g. of methyl methacrylate, 4.4 g. of vinyloxyethanol and 0.30 ml. of pyridine. The monomers and pyridine were cooled under nitrogen blanketing to 0 C. Then 0.55 ml. of triethyl boron was added to the reaction mixture followed by the addition of 0.23 ml. of cumene hydroperoxide. The polymerization time at temperatures of about 0 C. was 4 hours. At the end of the polymerization period, benzene was added to the reaction mixture to dissolve the polymer. A small portion of the polymer in benzene solution (less than 1 g. solution) was used for carbon black dispersency tests. The polymer gave excellent carbon black dispersion. The remainder of the benzene solution of thepolymer was divided into two parts. To one part was added 59.8 g. of Base Oil No. 1. The benzene was then evaporated from this sample under vacuum and when the pot temperature reached 110 C. the heating was stopped. This sample contained 59.8 g. of Base Oil No. 1 and 23.1 g. of polymer. The second large portion of the benzene solution of the polymer was treated in the usual manner of precipitation from methanol dissolving in benzene and precipitation from methanol. The purified polymer was dried overnight in a vacuum oven at 60 C. yielding 22.3 g. of dried purified polymer.

EXAMPLE 27 This example describes the preparation of another highly syndiotactic polymer of the invention. To the reaction vessel were added 25.4' g. of oxo-tridecyl methacrylate,

18. 1 g. of tallow methacrylate, 5.0 g. of methyl methacrylate, 10.0 g. of .vinyloxyethanol, and 0.377 ml. of pyridine. The monomers and pyridine were cooled under nitrogen blanketing to C. Then 0.688 ml. of triethyl boron was added to the reaction mixture followed by the addition of 0.292 ml. of cumene hydroperoxide. The polymerization time at a temperature of 20 C. was 6 hours. The first hour of polymerization was carried out in mass but after 1! hour the viscosity of the mass became so great that dilution was necessary. Dilution was carried out during the second hour of polymerization by adding 58.5 g. of white mineral oil (Base Oil No. 3) in seven 10 ml. portions at 10 minute intervals with stirring. No further oil was added after 2 hours and before the end of the 6 hour polymerization period. After 6 hours the reaction mixture was diluted with ml. benzene and 78.0 g. of-Base Oil No. 1 were added to reduce the solids concentration in total oil to 30.0%. Benzene was stripped under vacuum to a maximum of 150 C. to yield the final concentrate. The weight percent of vinyloxyethanol in the polymer was found to be 8.64.

EXAMPLE 28 This example was carried out in an analogous manner to Example 27 except the step involving dilution with Base Oil No. 3 during the polymerization. Reactants, amounts, temperature,.and time was identical to Example 27. In this case the 5 8.5 g. white mineral oil for dilution was added as follows: '10 ml. at 1 hour; 10 ml. at 1 hour, 10 minutes; 10 ml. at 1 hour, 20 minutes; 5 ml. at 1 hour 40 minutes; 5 ml. at 2 hours; 2.5 ml. at 2 hours 30 minutes; 2.5 ml. at 3 hours; 2.5 ml. at 4 hours; 2.5 ml. at 5 hours and 20 ml. at 6 hours. The product was finished to a 30% solidsin oil concentrate in analogous fashion to Example 27. Vinyloxyethanol inthe polymer was found tov be 8.6%.

EXAMPLE 29 To the reaction vessel were added 24 g. of n-lauryl methacrylate, 18 g. of tallow methacrylate, 6.0 g. of methyl methacrylate, 12.0 g. of vinyloxyethanol, and 0.139 ml. of pyridine. The monomers and pyridine were cooled under nitrogen blanketing to 20 C. Then 0.253 ml. of triethyl boron was added tfollowedby 0.358 mi. of cumene hydroperoxide; The polymerization time at 20 C. was 6 hours. As in Example 27 the polymerization was started in. mass. and in this case was continued so for 2 hours. Dilution with g. of Base Oil No. 3 was carried out according to the following:

5 ml. 5 ml. 5 ml. 5 ml. 5 ml. 5 ml.

After 6 hours the reaction mixture was diluted with 25 ml. benzene and g. Base Oil No. l to reduce the solids concentration in total oil to 30%. Benzene was stripped under vacuum to a maximum of 150 C. to yield the final 30% concentrate.

In Table 1 below all the experimental examples 1 through 26 are summarized with the specific viscosity and viscosity improving efliciency characteristics of each polymer being given. The specific viscosities were run on oil samples made by diluting a 30% concentrate of the polymer in Base Oil No. 1 to 3% using Base Oil No. 2.

Efiiciency:

Specific viscosity at 210 -F. Specific viscosity at F.-

Table 1 Monomers, grams Wt. Wt. Specific viscosity Ex. Polymer percent percent at- Elfi- N o. temp., Molar ratio VOE VOE ciency 0. charged found LoM TriM LM TaM MM VOE 100 F. 210 F.

I LoM is a mixture of 3%Cm, 6175-012, 23%C14, 11%O1 and 2%O 18 straight-chain alkyl methacrylates.

TriM is oxo-tridecyl methacrylate. TaM is tallow methacrylate. MM is methyl methacrylate. VOE is vinyloxyethanol. LM is lauryl methacrylate. 2 Specific viscosities on 3% pure polymer made by diluting 30% concentration in the base oils.

The characteristics of the base oils to which the polymer measurements BIC 8.5 fOllOWSI BASE OIL NO. '1

This is a solvent refined Mid Continent petroleum oil having the following properties:

BASE OIL NO. 2

This oil is a solvent refined Mid-Continent petroleum oil having the following properties:

Viscosity at 210 F, centistokes. 10.39 Viscosity at 100 F., centistokes 91.73 Viscosity index 103.4 Flash point, Cleveland open cup, F. 450

BASE OIL NO. 3

Standard Oil Co. White Oil, U.S.P. No 210 Viscosity at 210 F., centistokes 6.2-6 Viscosity at 100 F., centistokes 45.21 Viscosity index 92.8

Table 2 below sets forth data of the testing of the additives of the invention in a carbon black dispersion test. This method tests the ability of the additives to hold carbon black dispersed in kerosene. The testing is carried out both in the presence and in the absence of water since some additives tend to leach out and become ineifective in the-presence of water. A carbon black concentrate is made up to 15% by weight carbon in a highly refined mineral white oil. One gram of this carbon oil paste is added to a 25 x 150 mm. culture test tube with a plastic closed top, and to the flask are then added g. of kerosene. Thus the concentration of the carbon based on the kerosene is 0.5% by weight. Then 0.5% by weight based on the active ingredient present of the various dispersants to be tested are weighed into separate test tubes, containing the kerosene and carbon black.

. was added for making the specific viscosity and efficiency concentrate of polymer in Base Oils Nos. 1 and 3 with Base Oil No. 2 to 3% polymer The test tube is sealed and the ingredient dispersed by 15 minutes of shaking by hand. To the test wherein water is present, 1 volume percent of water (about 0.4 ml.) is added to the other ingredient in the test tube. The test tubes after being thoroughly agitated are placed in a rack and observations of the degree of settling are made periodically. The results in Table'2 are reported in the time for complete settling, the time when partial settling was observed, or the number of days that the testing was run before it was terminated and when no settling was observed. The tests were conducted at room temperature.

Table 2 CARBON BLACK DISPERSION Time for carbon Time for carbon Additive of example black to settleno black to settlewater present water present 5 minutes 5 minutes. 5 minutes 5 minutes.

3 days. 4 weeks.

PS 4 weeks. PS 4 weeks. NS 4 weeks. NS 4 weeks. 5 minutes. 4 weeks. NS 4 weeks. NS 4 weeks. NS 4 weeks. Not run Not run NS 4 days. 16. 4 hours NS 4 days. 17 NS 4 days. 18 24 hours. 19. 4 days. 20. 24 hours. 21. 24 ho s 22. 24 ho 23. 24 hours 24 24 hours 25. Not r 26. 23 day 24 hours. 27 24 hours 24 hOlllS. 28 24 hours 24 hours. 29.. 13 day NS means not settled. PS means partially settled.

s earer 1 1 EXAMPLE 30 Base Further compounded oils were prepared using Base Oil No. 2 and the additives of the invention from Ex amples 27, 28 and 29 with Santolube 333 which further illustrate the increased visocity potency and viscosity index of these materials in the presence of a heavy duty barium containing detergent. The concentrations of the additives from Examples 27, 28 and 29 in each case Was 3% and of the Santolue 333, 2%. Oil viscosities at 100 F. and 210 F.'were obtained after 16, 64, 88, and 160 hours storage at 60 C. These results are summarized in Table 4 below.

Table 3 Specific viscosity at-- Percent specific viscosity Viscosity, Centistokes increase at- Time, Legend at 100 F. at 210 F. Efiiciency V.I. hours 100 F 210 F. t

compounded Oil N0. 1 1 143. 59 22. 19 0. 566 1. 133 2. 139. 6 compounded Oil N0. 2 2 164. 49 26. 70 0.794 1. 568 1. 98 140. 5 40. 3 38. 4 0 164. 49 27. 11 0. 794 1. 607 2. 02 140. 9 40. 3 41. 8 4 165. 52 27. 44 O. 805 1. 638 2. 03 140. 9 42. 2 44. 6 0. 5 167. 22 27. 86 0. 824 1. 680 2. 04 141. 0 45. 6 v 48. 3 1. 0 168. 70 28. 07 0. 840 1. 699 2. 03 140. 9 48. 4 50. 0 1. 5 169. 49 28. 27 0.849 1. 718 2. 02 140. 9 50. 0 51. 6 2.0 170. 51 28. 52 0. 860 1. 743 2. 03 140. 9 51.9 53. 8 2. 5 178. 24 30. 77 0.944 1. 959 2. 08 141. 0 66. 8 72. 9 11 Compounded Oil No. 3 3 90.05 10. 26 0 1 This oil was made by diluting a 30% concentrate of the additive of Example 26 in Bass Oil No. 1 with Base Oil No. 2 to a concentration of 3%. 2 This oil is Compounded Oil No. 1 having 1.28% barium detergent incorporated therein by 15 minutes of cold mixing on a wheel. 3 This oil is Base Oil No. 2 having 1.28% barium detergent incorporated therein with no VOE polymer.

4 Minutes.

Table 4 Specific viscosity at Percent specific viscosity Santolubc* Hours at Viscosity, Centistokes increase at VOE p0ly1ner* example N0. 333, percent 00 0. 100 F. 210 F. V.I.

100 F. 210 F. 100 F. 210 F.

2 7g 39 103. 4 0 5 103. 2 Base 011 2 2 16 a9. 13 10. 15 103. 3 2 88 89. 13 10. 18 102. 8 27-3% 0 122. 16 15. 61 0.334 0. 505 127. 4

* All additives blended in Base Oil N0. 2.

Amoco 121 which is a hydrolyzed polyisobutylene-P S reaction product containing barium behave similarly to Santolube 333 with additives of the invention. To Base Oil No. 2 was added a sufficient amount of a 30% concentrate of the additive of Example 26 in Base Oil No. 1 to give a 3% concentration of the additive in the test oil. The viscosity characteristics of this 3% additive in the test oil weremeasured and are reported in the table below. Then a quantity of Santolube 333, the barium detergent, sufiicient to give 1.28% of this barium detergent in the final'oil was added to the test oil containing 3% of theadditive of Example 26. These mixed additives were blended cold on a mixing wheel for 15 minutes. Again viscosity measurements were made at 100 F. and 210 F. The oil was held at 100 F. and 210 F. and viscosities were again measured at 10 minutes, 30 minutes and atlonger lengths of time up to 11 hours. The data Although the invention has been described in terms of specified embodiments which are set forth in considerable cletail, it should be understood that this is by way of illustration only and that the invention is not necessarily limited thereto, since alternative embodiments and operating techniques will become apparent to those skilled inthe art in view of the disclosure. For example, vinylthioethanol (CI-I CHSCH CH OH), vinyloxypropanol, vinyloxyethoxyethanol and the like are to a degree the equivalent of vinyloxyethanol in the polymers of the invention. Vinyloxypropanol can be made in a manner analogous to vinyloxyethanol by reaction of acetylene with propylene oxide. Compounds such as vinyloxycthoxyethanol are made by reacting vinyloxyethanol with ethylene oxide. Accordingly, modifications are contemplated which can be made without departing from the spirit of the described invention.

What is claimed is:

1. A mineral oil composition having dispersant properties comprising a major amount of mineral oil and a 13 M minor amount of an oil-soluble polymer, said polymer comprising a major amount of an alkyl methacrylate having not less than 6 and not more than about 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and a minor amount of vinyloxyethanol in the range of 2 to 20% by weight.

2. Mineral oil compositions having dispersant properties, comprising a major amount of mineral oil and a minor amount of an oil-soluble polymer, said polymer consisting essentially of a minor amount of vinyloxyethanol in the range of 2 to 20% by weight and a major amount of a mixture of C C alkyl methacrylate and an amount of C -C alkyl methacrylate insuflicient to form an oil-insoluble polymer.

3. Mineral oil compositions having dispersant properties comprising a major amount of mineral oiland a minor amount of an oil-soluble polymer, said polymer consisting essentially of a major amount of a mixture of straight-chain C -C alkyl methacrylates and a minor amount of vinyloxyethanol in the range of 2 to 20% by weight.

4. Mineral oil compositions having dispersant properties comprising a major amount of mineral oil and a minor amount of an oil-soluble polymer, said polymer consisting essentially of a major amount of a mixture of C -C straight-chain alkyl methacrylates, a minor amount of methyl methacrylate and a minor amount of vinyloxyethanol, the vinyloxyethanol being present in the range of 2 to 20% by Weight.

5. A mineral oil composition having dispersant properties comprising a major amount of mineral oil and a minor amount of an oil-soluble polymer, said polymer consisting essentially of a major amount of lauryl methacrylate and a minor amount of vinyloxyethanol, the vinyloxyethanol being present in the range of 2 to 20% by Weight.

6. A mineral oil composition having dispersant properties comprising a major amount of mineral oil and a 14 minor amount of an oil-soluble polymer, said polymer consisting essentially of a major amount of lauryl methacrylate, a minor amount of methyl methacrylate and a minor amount of vinyloxyethanol, the vinyloxyethanol being present in the range of 2 to 20% by weight.

7. A mineral oil composition having properties comprising a major amount of mineral oil and a minor amount of an oil-soluble polymer, said polymer consisting essentially of a major amount of a mixture of tallow methacrylate and oxotridecyl methacrylate and a minor amount of vinyloxyethanol, the vinyloxyethanol being present in the range of 2 to 20% by weight.

8. Mineral oil compositions having dispersant properties, comprising a major amount of mineral oil and a minor amount of an oil-soluble polymer, said polymer comprising a minor amount of vinyloxyethanol within the range of 2 to 20% by weight and a major amount of a mixture of C C alkyl methacrylate and an amount of C C alkyl methacrylate insufiicient to form an oilinsoluble polymer.

9. A mineral oil composition having dispersant properties comprising a major amount of mineral oil and a minor amount of an oil-soluble polymer, said polymer consisting essentially of a major amount of an alkyl methacrylate having not less than 6 and not more than about 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and a minor amount of vinyloxyethanol in the range of 2 to 20% by weight.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,691,646 10/54 Young 252-56 X 2,704,277 3/55 Giammaria 252-56 2,710,282 6/55 Linsk 252-56 3,069,381 12/62 Noziaki 252--56 X 3,076,791 2/63 Hollyday 2S2-56 X DANIEL E. WYMAN, Primary Examiner. 

1. A MINERAL OIL COMPOSITION HAVING DISPERSANT PROPERTIES COMPRISING A MAJOR AMOUNT OF MINERAL OIL AND A MINOR AMOUNT OF AN OIL-SOLUBLE POLYMER, SAID POLYMER COMPRISING A MAJOR AMOUNT OF AN ALKYL METHACRYLATE HAVING NOT LESS THAN 6 AND NOT MORE THAN AGOUT 20 CARBON ATOMS IN THE ALKYL AND A MINOR AMOUNT OF VINYLOXYETHANOL IN THE RANGE OF 2 TO 20% BY WEIGHT. 